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Prevention and Control of Main Pests and Diseases in Summer Maize
In the middle and late stages of summer maize growth, a variety of pests and diseases can occur. Common pests include corn borers, armyworms, aphids, and red spiders. Major diseases such as leaf spot, stem rot (both green and dry types), and rust also pose significant threats. It is crucial to monitor these issues and implement timely prevention and control measures.
When the infestation rate of corn borers reaches 10%, it's recommended to apply phoxim granules directly into the heart leaves of the corn plants. A dosage of about 1 gram per plant is effective in controlling the infestation.
For corn locust control, you can use either 50% emulsifiable concentrate at a rate of 8–10 grams per mu or 10% imidacloprid at 10–15 grams per acre mixed with 45 kilograms of water. These applications help manage the pest population effectively.
To control armyworms, spraying with 2.5% deltamethrin diluted 1500–2000 times or 50% phoxim diluted 1000 times is highly effective. These treatments ensure good coverage and control over the larvae.
Red spider mites are particularly active after the corn has tasseled, especially during dry and hot weather. When more than 10% of the leaves show signs of infestation, it's advisable to spray the underside of the leaves with dicofol or omethoate diluted 1000 times for optimal results.
For leaf spot management, applying 50% carbendazim, 75% mancozeb, or 70% methyl thiophanate diluted 500 times can help prevent and control the spread of the disease.
Rust can be managed early on by using 25% rust powder WP or emulsifier diluted 1500–2000 times, 20% triazolone sulfur suspension diluted 800 times, 40% polysulfur suspension diluted 600 times, or 50% ultra-sulphur suspending agent diluted 300 times. Regular spraying helps reduce the risk of infection.
Bacterial wilt should be addressed proactively. If individual diseased plants are observed, drenching the roots with metalaxyl diluted 400 times or carbendazim diluted 500 times at 500 ml per solution is recommended. Early intervention is key to preventing widespread damage.
This information is provided by Chen Maochun from Shiyan Agricultural School in Danjiangkou City, Hubei Province. By staying vigilant and following these practices, farmers can significantly improve the health and yield of their summer maize crops.