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Prevention and Control of Main Pests and Diseases in Summer Maize
In the middle and late stages of summer maize growth, there are numerous pest and disease challenges that require attention. Common pests include corn borers, armyworms, aphids, and red spiders. Diseases such as leaf spot, stem rot (both green and dry types), and rust can also significantly impact crop health. Timely forecasting and effective management strategies are essential to ensure a healthy yield.
For corn borer control, when the infestation reaches 10%, it is recommended to apply phoxim granules directly into the heart leaves of the corn plants. Use approximately 1 gram per plant for effective control. This method helps target the pests at an early stage, reducing their population before they cause extensive damage.
To manage corn locusts, you can use either 50% emulsifiable concentrate of smog at a rate of 8–10 grams per mu or 10% imidacloprid at 10–15 grams per acre mixed with 45 kilograms of water. These applications should be done during the early stages of infestation for maximum effectiveness.
For armyworm control, spraying with 2.5% deltamethrin diluted at 1500–2000 times or 50% phoxim at 1000 times is highly effective. These insecticides provide broad-spectrum protection against armyworms and should be applied when the larvae are still small and more vulnerable.
Red spider infestations become most severe after the corn has tasseled, especially under dry and hot conditions. When the infestation level exceeds 10%, spray the back of the leaves with dicofol or omethoate diluted at 1000 times. Regular monitoring and timely application are crucial to prevent widespread damage.
Leaf spot can be controlled by applying 50% carbendazim, 75% mancozeb, or 70% methyl thiophanate at a dilution of 500 times. These fungicides help prevent the spread of leaf spot and protect the foliage from further infection.
For early-stage rust prevention, consider using 25% rust powder WP or emulsifier diluted at 1500–2000 times, 20% triazole sulfur suspension at 800 times, 40% polysulfur suspension at 600 times, or 50% ultra-sulfur suspension at 300 times. These treatments are effective in controlling rust and preventing its spread.
Bacterial wilt is difficult to treat once it appears, so prevention is key. If sporadic infected plants are found during the mid to late growth stages, drench the roots with a solution of metalaxyl at 400 times or carbendazim at 500 times. Apply about 500 ml of the solution per plant to help contain the spread of the disease.
By implementing these preventive and control measures, farmers can effectively manage common pests and diseases in summer maize, ensuring better crop health and higher yields. (Chen Maochun, Shiyan Agricultural School, Danjiangkou City, Hubei Province)