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Preventing wheat virus damage in autumn
In the autumn season, the northern regions often experience low precipitation, leading to prolonged droughts that extend into winter. High temperatures and dry weather create favorable conditions for the spread of wheat virus diseases. These environmental factors also promote the activity of pests such as the wheat aphid, green leafhopper, spider mites, and long-legged red spiders, which act as vectors for various viral infections. As a result, many wheat fields—especially those in dryland areas—are now showing symptoms of diseases like yellow dwarf and wheat streak. Timely pesticide application is crucial in managing these issues. The **China Pesticide Network** offers some practical advice on preventing and controlling wheat virus diseases.
Symptoms of the most common wheat virus diseases include:
1. **Dwarf disease**: This is transmitted by the gray planthopper. Affected plants show an increase in tillers, shorter and rougher leaves, slight twisting, delayed heading, and narrowed necks in the leaf sheath. The plant’s overall growth is stunted.
2. **Leaf blight**: Also spread by the gray planthopper, this disease causes less noticeable dwarfing but leads to fewer tillers and underdeveloped heart leaves. Leaves may display yellow-white markings along the veins, resembling potassium deficiency. Severe cases can prevent heading or reduce grain yield.
3. **Yellow dwarf disease**: Spread by wheat midges, this disease typically appears during the jointing stage and becomes more prevalent during booting and heading. Infected plants are stunted, with yellow, thick, and hard leaves. Although they may head normally, the grains are often thin and poorly developed.
To effectively manage these diseases, the **China Pesticide Network** recommends the following control measures:
1. **Agricultural practices**: Increase the use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, apply top dressings when needed, and ensure proper irrigation during dry periods. After watering, plow and break up compacted soil to improve drainage. Implementing drought and frost protection measures can also help reduce disease severity.
2. **Pest control**: For wheat midge infestations, use 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate diluted at 1000 times, or 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate at 1500–2000 times. For red spiders, gray planthoppers, and leafhoppers, consider 50% parathion emulsifiable concentrate at 1500–2000 times, 45% malathion emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times, or 25% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate at 800 times. It's important to monitor and treat pests in nearby weeds and young wheat plants to prevent further spread.
3. **Antiviral agents**: In the early stages of infection, using antiviral agents such as virus A wettable powder diluted at 800 times can significantly reduce the spread of the disease.
By combining good agricultural practices with timely pesticide applications, farmers can effectively manage and prevent the outbreak of wheat virus diseases, ensuring better crop health and higher yields.