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Basic knowledge of BOM list:
What is BOM and its types?
A material list, also known as BOM (Bill of Material), is one of the key elements in manufacturing management. It can be simply defined as "a table that records the materials used for product composition." From the birth of a new product, the first step is the initial phase of creative and feasibility research. Then comes the preliminary engineering analysis and prototype design. Once the prototype is relatively stable, a make-or-buy analysis is conducted. After that, the first version of the Engineering BOM (EBOM) is generated. Before mass production, the Production BOM (PBOM) must be completed to guide internal departments through the process. Once this stage is done, it moves into routine maintenance.
Description of BOM for general manufacturing enterprises:
Chinese Name | English Name | Recorded Content | Main Purpose | Main Use Department
Engineering BOM (EBOM): The material structure of new products. Used for communication between R&D units and other departments during the initial definition of new products. Mainly used by R&D and Production Technology.
Production BOM (PBOM): The material structure of mass-produced products. Used for production planning, procurement plans, and includes alternative material tables and cost material tables. Mainly used by Purchasing, Outsourcing, Marketing, and Finance.
Planning BOM (PBOM): Product group ratio relationships, such as model car hand stall sales accounting for 30%, self-distribution sales at 50%, and hand-held gear sales at 20%. Used for long-term raw material procurement and production capacity planning. Mainly used by Planning and Production.
Cost BOM (CBOM): Standard material below the product composition structure. Used to query the standard cost of a product. Commonly used in companies that use standard costing. Mainly used by Finance.
Configuration BOM (CBOM): Product configuration for customer orders. Used when entering optional product options. Mainly used by Marketing.
Substitute BOM (SBOM): Alternative material structure for products. Used when actual production time is less than required, but enough to replace parts. Mainly used by Purchasing and Outsourcing.
Tax-Bound BOM (TBOM): Bonded material structure for products. Used to apply for customs bonded contracts. Automatically expands and calculates the application of bonded materials. Mainly used by Customs and Procurement.
BOM forms vary based on usage. Products go through three stages: engineering design, manufacturing process design, and manufacturing. Each stage corresponds to a similar name but different content BOM: EBOM, PBOM, and CBOM. These are the main BOM concepts.
Engineering BOM (EBOM): Data structure used in product engineering design, accurately describing the product's design specifications and part relationships. Includes product schedules, pattern catalogs, material quota schedules, etc.
Plan BOM (PBOM): Designed by process engineers based on factory capabilities. Used for process design and manufacturing management, tracking how parts are made. Also a key data structure for MRP II/ERP systems.
Design BOM (DBOM): Created by the design department, containing product information. Includes product schedules, pattern catalogs, material quota schedules, etc.
Manufacturing BOM (MBOM): Based on EBOM and improved according to manufacturing requirements. Includes processing parts, molds, fixtures, etc. Used for assembly processes and production planning.
Customer BOM (CBOM): Two meanings: one is selecting product catalogs ordered by customers, another is specific product lists. Used in PDM and ERP systems for managing product drawings and production plans.
Sales BOM (SBOM): Configured according to user requirements. Includes basic parts, special parts, option schedules, etc. Used in manufacturing industries for order tracking and unique configurations.
Repair BOM (WBOM): Produced by the maintenance service department. Includes consumable parts, spare parts, and replacement parts lists.
Purchase BOM (CBOM): Created based on purchased raw materials, standard parts, and complete sets. Includes purchased parts lists, external parts lists, self-made parts lists, and material lists.
Cost BOM (CBOM): Generated by MRP II system. Used for cost control and variance analysis by accumulating PBOM and machining centers.
Among them: Sales SBOM = Processing JBOM + Purchase CBOM; Production MBOM = Processing JBOM + PBOM + Purchase CBOM.
The most closely integrated are EBOM controlled by PDM and MBOM in MRP II.
Common BOM forms include:
1. Engineering BOM (EBOM)
2. Plan BOM (PBOM)
3. Design BOM (DBOM)
4. Manufacturing BOM (MBOM)
5. Customer BOM (CBOM)
6. Repair BOM (WBOM)
7. Purchase BOM (CBOM)
9. Cost BOM (CBOM)
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