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Compound high protein feed with rice residue
Rice residue is the leftover material obtained after liquefying rice using alpha-amylase to remove the solids. This residue, commonly generated in sugar mills, glucose plants, and pharmaceutical factories that use rice as a raw material, is often considered waste and discarded with water, leading to underutilization. However, this rice residue can be transformed into a high-protein feed through fermentation, significantly enhancing its nutritional value—comparable to fish meal. The process involves several key steps:
First, the rice sludge is crushed. Wet rice sludge is mixed with about 500 kg of water for every 100 kg of sludge, then stirred thoroughly before draining off excess water. This step helps break down the structure of the residue, making it more suitable for further processing.
Next, the saccharification stage begins. The pH is adjusted to 4.5 using hydrochloric acid, and glucoamylase is added when the temperature reaches between 40°C and 50°C. For every kilogram of starch, 200 ml of glucoamylase is used, and the mixture is then saccharified at 60°C to convert complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars.
Following saccharification, the fermentation process starts. A specific strain, *Geotrichum candidum*, is used. First, an inclined seed culture is prepared using potato, glucose, and agar, incubated at 30°C. Then, a first-stage seed is cultivated in a shake flask with hydrolyzed sugar and ammonium sulfate for 10 hours at 30°C. A second-stage seed is prepared in a 50-liter container with magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, hydrolyzed sugar, and dipotassium carbonate, adjusted to a pH of 6.0 using ammonia water and cultured at 30°C.
Finally, a 500-liter fermentation medium is prepared using the wet sugar sludge liquid, along with magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonia water, adjusted to a pH of 5.6. The fermentation takes place at 30°C.
After fermentation, the product is filtered using a centrifuge, dried at 50–60°C, and ground to 20 mesh size. The final product has a moisture content of less than 1.8%, a protein content exceeding 65%, which is twice that of regular rice residue. It is rich in essential amino acids and serves as an excellent feed for livestock, poultry, and fish, offering great feeding performance. This innovative approach not only reduces waste but also creates valuable by-products that benefit the animal feed industry.