The journey of humans becoming "modern people" began with the creation of tools. In the Stone Age, early humans crafted simple stone axes, hammers, and rudimentary wooden or leather tools—these were the first steps toward the complex machinery that would follow. Over time, the process of making tools evolved from basic handiwork to the development of multi-part machines, marking a significant leap in human ingenuity. Thousands of years ago, humans designed tools like hoes for farming, mills for grinding grains, and water-lifting devices such as buckets and pulleys. They also built wheeled vehicles, boats, rafts, and even rudders to navigate rivers. As technology advanced, the sources of power changed—from pure human strength to the use of animals, water, and wind. Materials also evolved, moving from natural resources like stone, wood, and leather to man-made substances. One of the earliest man-made materials was ceramic, and ceramic-based machines already had three essential components: power, transmission, and function. From the Stone Age to the Bronze and Iron Ages, the development of bellows played a crucial role in metalworking. Strong air blowers allowed for higher furnace temperatures, enabling the extraction of metals from ores. In China, between 1000 and 900 BC, early bellows were used for smelting and casting, gradually evolving from manual to animal-powered and later water-driven systems. Before the 15th and 16th centuries, mechanical engineering developed slowly. However, over the centuries, practical experience and technical knowledge accumulated, laying the foundation for future advancements. By the 17th century, capitalism emerged in Britain, France, and other parts of Europe, shifting the focus of society toward commodity production and industrial growth. In the late 18th century, steam engines expanded beyond mining and found applications in textiles, flour milling, and metallurgy. The materials used in machinery shifted from wood to stronger, more durable but harder-to-process metals. This period marked the birth of the machinery manufacturing industry, which soon became a vital sector of the economy. Through continuous practice and innovation, mechanical engineering transformed from a craft-based discipline relying on individual skill into a systematic, theory-driven field. It played a central role in the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries, driving mass production and shaping modern industry. Motivation has always been key to progress. By the late 17th century, as demand for coal and minerals grew, it became clear that traditional methods like human and animal labor could no longer sustain further growth. In response, industries began setting up workshops near rivers to use water wheels for power. However, in mines, where water needed to be pumped out, animal power was still the main solution. In the early 18th century, Newcomen’s atmospheric steam engine was introduced to help pump water from mines. Though effective, it was inefficient and consumed a lot of fuel, limiting its use mainly to coal mines. In 1765, James Watt improved the design by adding a separate condenser, significantly reducing fuel consumption. Then, in 1781, he developed a steam engine that produced rotary motion, greatly expanding its applications. The invention of the steam engine revolutionized mechanical and industrial production, powering railways, ships, and factories. For most of the 19th century, the steam engine was the primary source of power, despite being large, heavy, and complex. Its impact on society and industry remains one of the most profound technological milestones in history. shower head and hose set,shower set with hand shower,handheld shower wand Xuzhou Xinghe New Building Materials Co., Ltd. , https://www.successleo.com