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Photovoltaic to the countryside has a bright future.
The article discusses the bright future of photovoltaics in rural China, highlighting how this sector is gaining momentum despite past challenges. As Europe and the U.S. imposed trade restrictions on Chinese PV products, the domestic market has become a crucial path for revitalization. Recent policy initiatives from the Chinese government show a strong push to expand the use of solar energy in rural areas.
Since May this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has been conducting nationwide investigations into the application of solar power in rural regions. Recently, it announced plans to launch a "Photovoltaic to the Countryside" initiative. At the same time, the State Council also expressed support for encouraging households to install and use photovoltaic systems during an executive meeting on the industry, signaling that distributed solar applications are now opening up to rural markets.
Wen Jianhua, COO of Hunan Gongchuang Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd., emphasized that this policy is vital for bringing real benefits to the people through solar energy. He believes that the rural market holds immense potential, especially given the large land area and growing demand for electricity in both production and daily life.
Currently, solar power in rural China remains largely untapped. According to Li Junhua, a researcher at the China Business Intelligence Network, China has the resources, technology, and infrastructure to accelerate the development of the rural PV market. The integration of solar panels into agricultural greenhouses, for example, allows for dual use—producing electricity while growing crops. This innovative approach can even enhance photosynthesis through transparent photovoltaic glass.
With over 50 million mu of standardized agricultural sheds in China, the potential market for integrated photovoltaic systems could reach 250 billion yuan. Wen Jianhua pointed out that greenhouses are just one of many possible applications. In rural areas where grid access is limited, small-scale solar solutions like insecticidal lamps or irrigation systems can provide essential energy.
In terms of residential use, the integration of photovoltaic buildings is not only feasible in cities but also in the countryside. Some wealthier rural families already consume more electricity than urban residents, making them ideal candidates for solar adoption. For instance, one farmer with a multi-story house and a large balcony uses over 1,000 kWh monthly, which makes him a perfect candidate for a photovoltaic-integrated building.
However, grid connection remains a major challenge. Surplus electricity generated by farmers may need to be fed back into the grid, but technical and regulatory barriers still exist. To address this, the State Grid Corporation issued a notice in late October, simplifying the process for small-scale PV systems. It requires grid companies to cover costs for public grid upgrades and mandates two-way smart meters for those selling electricity.
As a result, the number of inquiries and applications for distributed PV systems has increased significantly. In November alone, 521 consultations and 123 applications were processed, totaling 176.4 MW. On December 21, the first residential PV system in Qingdao was successfully connected to the grid, marking a milestone in rural solar adoption.
Despite progress, challenges remain. Rural grids often lack sufficient infrastructure, and the distance between homes and substations can complicate connections. However, as rural construction and urbanization advance, these issues are expected to be gradually resolved.
Another concern is the affordability of PV systems for rural households. While some argue that costs may be too high, recent surveys suggest that even without subsidies, the return on investment can be achieved within 6–8 years. Energy contract management companies can also help by handling investments and operations, allowing users to benefit from solar power without upfront costs.
Li Junhua suggested that government subsidies or direct investment in early projects could boost adoption. However, he noted that widespread implementation will take time. Additionally, the price difference between grid electricity and PV feed-in rates raises concerns about financial sustainability.
Recent developments, however, offer hope. At the State Council meeting on December 19, the subsidy policy for distributed generation was confirmed, with estimates suggesting a rate of 0.4–0.6 yuan per kWh. Analysts believe this level of support is attractive for investors.
In conclusion, the expansion of photovoltaics into rural China is a promising trend. With proper policies, infrastructure, and financial support, this initiative has the potential to transform energy consumption and bring sustainable development to rural communities.