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Tool speed range study
There is a distinct difference in the cutting mechanism between high-speed and low-speed operations. When the cutting speed of the tool exceeds 5 m/s, both the maximum cutting force and the corresponding resistance start to decline. Based on this trend, it can be inferred that when the Roots reciprocating pump unit mills soil with a thinner chip at speeds above 10 m/s, the maximum cutting force will be reduced. At the same time, the dynamic specific cutting resistance tends to stabilize and remains relatively constant, regardless of variations in chip thickness.
When the cutting speed exceeds 7 m/s and the cutting distance is less than 60 mm, the dynamic cutting resistance increases with the rotation angle H, which corresponds to the cutting thickness C. This results in a linear rise in resistance across the entire speed range. The underlying mechanism is that, at high speeds, the drum cuts from the bottom of the soil up to its surface, transitioning from a confined area to a more open one. When the cutting distance is short, the tool moves along the path to the maximum chip thickness, where the soil above the section is close to the Roots water jet unit. In such cases, the soil is quickly removed without being constrained by the top layer, reducing the impact on the tool. As a result, the maximum cutting resistance at high speeds becomes significantly higher, and the variation in specific resistance decreases, eventually stabilizing into a consistent value.
The maximum cutting force and its corresponding resistance reach their peak within a working speed range around 5 m/s. This speed lies between low-speed and high-speed cutting, acting as a turning point for both the maximum cutting force and the specific resistance. At this range, the tool begins cutting from the thinnest part of the chip, and as the cut progresses, the soil exerts an impact on the tool, leading to a continuous impact cutting process. Once the maximum chip thickness is reached, the cutting force and specific resistance spike sharply. However, when the speed exceeds this range, the mechanism shifts toward either high-speed or low-speed cutting, causing the maximum cutting force and resistance to decrease accordingly.