Shanghai Institute of Optoelectronics made breakthroughs in the study of two-dimensional nanophotonics materials

Left: High-resolution transmission electron micrograph of molybdenum disulfide; Right: Comparison of Z scan results of molybdenum disulfide and graphene dispersion

Recently, a team led by Professor Wang Jun from the Key Laboratory of High-power Laser Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, in collaboration with researchers including Zhang Long, Zhao Quanzhong, and Professor Werner Blau from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, published a groundbreaking paper titled "Ultrafast Saturable Absorption of Two-Dimensional MoSâ‚‚ Nanosheets" in the prestigious journal *ACS Nano*. The study revealed that two-dimensional MoSâ‚‚ nanomaterials exhibit exceptional ultrafast saturable absorption in the near-infrared region, marking a significant step forward in the field of nanophotonics.

With the growing interest in graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoSâ‚‚, MoSeâ‚‚, MoTeâ‚‚, and WSâ‚‚ have gained increasing attention. These materials demonstrate remarkable optoelectronic properties when reduced to monolayer structures. They are now considered key components in next-generation nano-optoelectronic devices. However, research on their ultrafast nonlinear optical properties and potential photonic applications remains limited, especially for wide-bandgap direct-gap semiconductors like MoSâ‚‚.

The development of high-performance photonic devices is crucial for modern optical information technology. Many photonic systems rely on materials with strong ultrafast nonlinear optical responses. Therefore, in-depth studies on the nonlinear optical characteristics of potential functional materials are essential for advancing photonic technologies and driving innovation in optical communication and data processing.

In this study, the team successfully prepared high-quality MoSâ‚‚ nanosheet dispersions using liquid-phase exfoliation. Characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), visible-infrared absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the presence of numerous high-quality MoSâ‚‚ nanosheets. Ultrafast nonlinear optical experiments further demonstrated that MoSâ‚‚ nanosheets exhibit superior saturable absorption compared to graphene under 100 fs and 800 nm near-infrared laser pulses (see attached figure).

These findings suggest that transition metal sulfide-based two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as MoSâ‚‚, hold great promise for applications in ultrashort pulse mode-locked lasers, laser protection optical limiters, and optical switches. This work was presented at the international conference *Laser Optics 2012* in Russia and was also recognized at the *Graphene 2012* conference in Brussels, Belgium, where it received high acclaim among over 200 global applicants, with only 20 selected for presentation.

The research was supported by several key programs, including the "Hundred Talents Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation, the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission's Nano Special Project, the "Pujiang Talents" Program, and the "Outstanding Discipline Leader Program" of Shanghai.

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