US research shows that there are 1000 kinds of harmless bacteria on human skin

According to foreign media reports, a study conducted by American scientists found that the human skin is an "ideal homeland" for bacteria. The healthy human body surface is covered with about 1,000 kinds of bacteria, and the bacteria that live on the skin have reached the number and type. Surprisingly, far more than previously thought.


Studies have shown that the species of bacteria that colonize the skin is estimated to be 100 times. According to scientists, from the point of view of the type of ecosystem in the habitat of the bacteria, parts of the human body, such as the wet armpits, resemble tropical rain forests, while other parts of the skin resemble dry deserts.

The study also found that the same part of the skin of different people often inhabits similar bacteria, changes in the habitat of the bacteria may explain why some skin diseases tend to affect the specific parts of the body. During the research process, scientists used a new method to study the "bacterial community" on the human body. Instead of using old techniques that use skin swabs and try to grow bacteria in the lab, they do genetic analysis of DNA found on the skin.

Julia Segre of the National Human Genome Research Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, said: “The most surprising discovery I made was that the bacteria that live on the skin are very high. The second most surprising finding is that some parts of the skin are like a desert with rivers (wet areas), such as armpits, and some parts of the skin are 'isolated living oasis'. There are a variety of reservoirs, such as the navel.” Ségéré’s findings were published in the journal Science.

The researchers used swabs to take samples from 10 healthy participants at 20 sites, and then screened the samples for DNA to identify bacteria belonging to 19 different species, one of the largest categories of organisms. The vast majority of skin bacteria do not harm the human body and keep the skin healthy by preventing more harmful microorganisms from infecting. Segler said: "We need to give up the idea that all bacteria are harmful. Personal hygiene is important, but being too hygienic does not mean keeping the body in a healthier state."

Although the largest number of bacteria inhabiting the human body is often wet and hairy areas, the researchers found that the most diverse sites of bacteria were dry, smooth forearms, and an average of 44 bacteria could be found. The "bacterial community" with the lowest diversity is behind the ears. The scientists said: "The hairy, damp armpits are close to the smooth, dry forearm, but from an ecological point of view, the difference between the two sites is like the difference between the rainforest and the desert."

The researchers found that the skin can be divided into three major ecological habitats, namely moist, oily and dry areas. Bacteria mixed at the oily site had the highest degree of homogeneity, including the eyebrow and the nasal side. Wet areas include the inside of the nose, the finger between the fingers, and the inside of the groin. Dry areas include palms and buttocks.

Bacterial cells are about the equivalent of one thousandth of human cells, but the number is far greater than ours. Although the total weight of bacteria living on the surface and inside of the human body is only about 1% of the human body's weight, only the number of bacteria that live on the skin is about 10 times that of human cells.

Ségré said that research on the "bacterial community" on the skin helps people to understand the definitive skin diseases and help answer questions such as why psoriasis often appears on the outside of the elbow and why eczema appears on the inside of the elbow. . She said: “Scientists all over the world can use the data obtained from this study for free. We hope that these data will enable scientists to understand as early as possible the complexity associated with eczema, psoriasis, acne, antibiotic-resistant infectious diseases, and many other diseases that affect the skin. Genetic and environmental factors."

The body's four "bacterial communities"

Hand

The dry palm is different from the wet skin between the fingers. Through this medium of hand, bacteria can easily spread in the crowd.

Arm

The smooth, dry forearm, which hosts different types of bacteria, can be considered a "desert" of the skin.

3. Armpit

The armpits are like “rain forests”. They are one of the highest numbers of human bacteria inhabited, and the other part is the groin.

Nose

Many bacteria live in the nasal cavity's moist nasal lining, and some other bacteria live on the external oil layer. (xiaowen)

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