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Two-stage high-pressure ammonium pump structure description
The impeller blades designed for linear radiation can generate higher lift compared to curved blade centrifugal pump impellers. These impellers are typically open, without front and rear covers, which results in a smaller axial force under high pressure. This design minimizes performance degradation over time caused by seal ring wear. Unlike conventional open impellers, there is essentially no relative flow between the rotating fluid and the pump casing, eliminating return losses at the seal ring. Additionally, the larger gap between the vanes and the pump body reduces impact, leading to improved efficiency. Compared to traditional centrifugal pumps that suffer from leakage losses and lower efficiency due to higher rotational speeds, this design offers better overall performance.
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The magnetic pump features a concentric cylindrical pump body. Unlike conventional centrifugal pumps that rely on a volute casing or guide vanes to convert kinetic energy into hydrostatic pressure, this pump uses a conical diffuser to convert part of the rotating fluid’s energy along the tangential line, making it a partial flow pump.
This pump demonstrates excellent anti-cavitation performance. Pump speed is a key factor affecting cavitation. As shown in Figure 3-21, the pump addresses cavitation by incorporating an inducer with increasing pitch at the inlet of the first and second stage impellers. For two-stage designs, the second stage inlet pressure is significantly higher than that of ammonia liquid, so an inducer is not required. The inducer used here performs well across a wide range of speeds and flows. At a high speed of 14,000 rpm, the NPSH is only 8 meters. The inducer and impeller are cast as one piece. Recently, some high-pressure ammonium pumps have started to eliminate the inducer, instead using a booster pump to increase NPSHa by boosting the inlet flow.
By changing any one or several of the four components—diffuser nozzle diameter, gear diameter, impeller diameter, or inducer—the pump’s performance can be significantly altered.
Another challenge is the reliability of the shaft seal. This pump ensures that the shaft seal pressure remains close to the inlet pressure, regardless of the discharge pressure. It uses a single-end balanced mechanical seal for the first stage and a series-balanced mechanical seal for the second stage. The impeller is cantilever-supported, lightweight, and experiences minimal radial force. Its small cantilever wall allows for a thinner stainless steel shaft, reducing the pV value of the sealing surface. To avoid the negative effects of high-speed centrifugal forces on the mechanical seal, only the moving ring rotates. The mechanical seal is flushed with condensate, and the system includes a pressure differential valve for automatic control during pump startup and shutdown, maintaining stable condensate pressure and seal chamber pressure differences.
The bearing system includes sliding radial bearings and tilting pad thrust bearings, supported by an oil lubrication system. Additional monitoring systems track shaft vibration, displacement, and bearing temperature to ensure reliable high-speed operation.