The physicist organization network reported on the 23rd that the Andre Heim team who won the Nobel Prize in physics for the successful preparation of monoatomic layer graphene has observed the movement behavior and conduction mechanism of electrons in graphene contrary to common sense. , and elaborated a new understanding of the physical properties of this conductive material. The results were published in the latest issue of Nature Physics. Graphene has higher conductivity than copper because of its unique two-dimensional structure. In most metals, the conductivity is limited by crystal defects, and electrons scatter as frequently as billiard balls as they pass through the material. In the theory of nanoelectronic transport, Landauer-Butick's conductivity formulae describe the scattering properties of such elastic electrons, indicating that normal conductive materials must increase their conductivity and face severe limitations. However, the latest results of the team of researchers from the University of Manchester, led by Heim, show that this basic limitation may be broken in graphene materials. Experimental observations conducted at the National Graphene Institute in the UK provided a basic understanding of the special behavior of electron flow in graphene. Experiments by three different teams, including the University of Manchester, have shown that at certain temperatures, electrons collide with each other and start to flow like viscous liquids. Heim said: "The textbook says that extra obstacles always produce extra resistance, but in this case, as the temperature rises, the obstacle caused by electron scattering actually reduces the resistance. The electrons flow like liquids. It's faster than being spread freely in a vacuum. This unique phenomenon is completely counter-intuitive!" Usually scattering events will reduce the conductivity of the material, but this observation overturns the common sense that some electrons stick near the edges of the graphene crystals. They have the highest kinetic energy dissipation and the slowest movement; at the same time, they protect adjacent electrons from collisions. The region, resulting in some other electrons due to the help of these "friends", the flexibility becomes super good, the flow is extremely smooth, and the conduction performance increases dramatically. More importantly, by studying how resistance changes with temperature, scientists have discovered a new physical quantity, viscous conductance, which is repeatedly tested and even qualitatively researched. It is very helpful to guide the design of nano-scale electronic circuits in the future. Facilitates an in-depth understanding of graphene materials. (Reporter Fang Linlin)
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