In early June, the U.S. Department of Commerce preliminarily concluded that Chinese crystalline silicon photovoltaic products exported to the United States benefited from excessive government subsidies, with subsidy rates ranging from 18.56% to 35.21%. According to U.S. procedures, the Department of Commerce and the International Trade Commission are expected to finalize their investigations in August and October, respectively.
Regarding the ongoing dispute over U.S.-China trade in polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic products, the head of the Bureau of Trade Remedies and Investigations under China’s Ministry of Commerce expressed strong dissatisfaction with the U.S. actions. This is the second time since November 2012 that the U.S. has imposed high anti-dumping and countervailing duties on Chinese PV products. The Chinese side criticized the U.S. for conducting a "double investigation" again, which they believe lacks factual basis and legal justification.
The U.S. practice of imposing high tariffs and launching investigations is seen as an abuse of trade remedies, driven by protectionist motives. This approach risks escalating trade tensions between the two countries. China emphasized that frequent use of trade measures cannot address the long-term development of the U.S. solar industry. Instead, it urged the U.S. to handle the case responsibly and terminate the investigation promptly to foster a fair competitive environment for the global PV sector.
China will closely monitor the case and retain the right to take necessary actions to protect its interests. The situation surrounding Sino-U.S. PV trade has reached a critical point, and whether the U.S. “double investigation†is based on facts or not remains questionable. Regardless of the outcome, the result seems inevitable. What remains is the defense and final ruling, which is just a matter of time.
Under such unfavorable conditions for China's PV industry, how can domestic companies break through? First, the industry must focus on internal restructuring. Despite rapid growth, China's PV sector still faces challenges such as a lack of core technology, fragmented production, and overinvestment. Fragmentation makes it difficult for companies to build strong defenses against international competition. To address this, domestic firms should accelerate industrial adjustments, form robust alliances, and establish mechanisms for exiting the market. Outdated, energy-intensive, and polluting enterprises must be shut down. Only then can the industry become a strong, technologically advanced player with real influence in the global market.
Second, China’s PV industry must "eat through both ends." From the start, the industry has been imbalanced, relying heavily on imported raw materials and exporting finished products. This structural issue persists today. Future development should focus on innovation in upstream technologies and expanding domestic markets. In terms of technological advancement, efforts should be made to improve silicon wafer production and cell efficiency, as well as explore new types of solar cells like quantum dot and organic batteries. These innovations aim to reduce power generation costs.
On the downstream side, the growth of the domestic market will depend on large-scale solar power stations and distributed photovoltaic systems. Distributed generation, despite grid connection challenges, offers cost advantages and flexibility, making it a promising area for future development. By focusing on these areas, China's PV industry can build a more sustainable and resilient path forward.
Double Acting Hydraulic Cylinder
A double-acting hydraulic cylinder is a type of hydraulic cylinder that has two ports for fluid entry and exit. It is capable of performing work in both directions, providing both extension and retraction forces.
The operation of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder involves the use of hydraulic fluid, typically oil, which is pressurized to move a piston inside the cylinder. When fluid is supplied to one port, it pushes the piston in one direction, extending the cylinder. When fluid is supplied to the other port, it pushes the piston in the opposite direction, retracting the cylinder.
This type of hydraulic cylinder is commonly used in various applications, such as construction equipment, agricultural machinery, and industrial machinery. It provides the ability to exert force in both directions, allowing for more versatile and efficient operation.
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